
Tardigrades can survive the vacuum of space, temperatures near absolute zero, and radiation doses lethal to humans, but a Penn State-led team found that the MGS-1 Mars regolith simulant killed the tested H. exemplaris freshwater specimens within two days, while a terrestrial sand control stayed active
Freshwater tardigrades survive vacuum, near-absolute-zero cold, and lethal radiation, but a Penn State team found that dry simulated Mars regolith stopped them cold within 48 hours — while a rinse of water restored them. Perchlorate salts are the leading suspect.







