The US government urged Monday a complete shutdown of Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant as fighting intensifies in the area and international experts plan an inspection visit.

White House national security spokesman John Kirby reiterated calls to create a demilitarized zone around the facility, which was occupied by Russian troops in the early weeks of the six-month-old war and has experienced close hits by rockets or artillery shells.

"As we've said many times, a nuclear power plant is not the appropriate location for combat operations," Kirby told reporters.

He said the risks of keeping the plant going grew last week when fires in the area forced the shutdown of a diesel-fueled electric plant that provides backup power to the Zaporizhzhia plant, potentially threatening nuclear reactor operations.

"We continue to believe that a controlled shutdown of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear reactors would be the safest and least risky option in the near term," Kirby said.

He also offered strong support for the looming visit to Zaporizhzhia by inspectors of the International Atomic Energy Agency as he warned of a potential nuclear disaster at the plant due to the war.

"Russia should ensure safe, unfettered access for these independent inspectors," Kirby said.

Preparing for the worst near Ukraine's precarious nuclear plant
Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine (AFP) Aug 29, 2022 - In the southern city of Zaporizhzhia, which lies close to Europe's largest nuclear plant, which has been targeted by shelling, Ukrainians are picking up iodine pills and preparing for the worst.

The city lies some 50 kilometres (30 miles) as the crow flies from the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant which has been occupied by Russian troops since early March in an area hit by ongoing fighting.

Moscow and Kyiv have traded blame over the shelling around the complex and the nearby town of Energodar amid UN warnings about "the very real risk of a nuclear disaster".

"You know, we survived the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant," says Kateryna, a 68-year-old pensioner who still has thyroid problems linked to the 1986 disaster when one of the reactors exploded.

"That threat was very big, but we survived. Now we have six reactors, not one," she said of the Zaporizhzhia complex.

Like dozens of other residents, she went on Monday to a school handing out iodine tablets that can reduce the medical risk of radiation in the event of a disaster.

Should a serious incident happen at a nuclear facility, it would release radioactive iodine into the atmosphere which, if inhaled, can increase the risk of thyroid cancer -- an effect observed after Chernobyl.

The tablets can help prevent radioactive iodine concentrating in the thyroid gland so it can be flushed out of the body naturally though the urine.

Some 13 schools have been distributing the tablets, which doctors say should be given to anyone living with in a 50-kilometre radius of the plant.

So far, more than 5,000 of the city's residents, among them more than 1,500 children, have collected iodine pills over a two-day period, officials say.

"The tablet is taken in case of danger, when the alarm is raised," said Elena Karpenko, a nurse at the Zaporizhzhia Children's Hospital.

- Radioactive risk -

With tensions high around the plant, inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency, the UN's nuclear watchdog are due to visit in the coming days, with the team led by IAEA chief Rafael Grossi.

Beyond the shelling, Kyiv has also accused Moscow of using the plant for storing heavy weaponry and arms and stationing some 500 soldiers at the site.

But the Kremlin has insisted it only has security personnel there. On Monday, Moscow urged the international community to put pressure on Ukraine "so it stops endangering the European continent by shelling".

Last week, the plant was briefly severed from the national grid for the first time in its four-decade history after its last working power line was shelled. Ukraine's nuclear agency Energoatom warned there was a risk of "hydrogen leakage and sputtering of radioactive substances".

Over the weekend, the emergency services in Zaporizhzhia held training sessions on managing the risk of nuclear accidents. They carried out mock evacuations and conducted decontamination exercises involving radioactive dust.

So far, the city has stockpiled two tonnes of decontamination products.

In the event of a leak, two sirens will go off to warn the city's inhabitants: an initial alarm then a second one 24 hours later.

"Perhaps the radioactive cloud will not reach the place where people are," said Taras Tyshchenko, the region's health chief.

"By the time the second alarm goes off, we will clearly know how far the radioactive cloud has spread.

"We will have all the information about safe areas to evacuation sites," he said.

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IAEA chief taking team to Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant
Kyiv, Ukraine (AFP) Aug 29, 2022
International Atomic Energy Agency chief Rafael Grossi said on Monday he was en route to inspect Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, which has been targeted by fresh shelling over the past day, according to its operator. The Zaporizhzhia plant - Europe's largest atomic facility - has been occupied by Russian troops since the start of the war. Moscow and Kyiv are trading blame for shelling around the complex of six Soviet-designed nuclear reactors in the city of Energodar, in southern Ukraine ... read more